天然紫檀木紫檀原木可供选择

导出信息：kstdconline@gmail.com 可用数量 1 TONE , 2 TONE , 12 TONE


18MM 印度紫檀男士手链 紫檀串珠手链 珠宝藏式麻辣手链 红檀木麻辣手链

印度小叶紫檀2.0老料金星玩手串木手链男女

18MM，16MM，12MM，10MM，8MM 印度紫檀男士手链 紫檀串珠手链 珠宝藏式麻辣手链 紫檀祈祷手链。

这款马拉手链由真正的印度紫檀珠手工制成。

在浩瀚的植物王国中，有一种被誉为“木材中的黄金”的珍稀木材，它就是赤金檀，也被称为东南亚枣木。

In the vast kingdom of plants, there is a rare wood known as "gold in wood", which is called red sandalwood, also known as Southeast Asian jujube wood.

中华豪门—赤金檀：东南亚珍稀木材，典藏之作 在线紫檀；小叶紫檀英文名；紫檀珠；小叶紫檀；紫檀

双语句子

本品由紫檀块细雕而成。本品由紫檀块细雕而成。

紫檀树（Pterocarpus santalinus）坚硬耐用的木材；因细木工而获奖。

特别是它像紫檀、花梨木、黄酸枝的稳定性，气候变化对它影响很大。

紫檀家具文化艺术的传承与（？）化

《红高粱》、《红槐》、《檀刑》等作品以独特的审美原理向读者的阅读体验提出了挑战，为莫言赢得声誉的同时也引起了众多评论家的争议。

英文解释

名词

东印度树，有黄白色花的总状花序

同义词：coralwoodcoral-wood巴巴多斯骄傲孔雀花栅栏Adenanthera pavonina

印度和东印度群岛的树，产生坚硬的芳香木材，因细木工而珍贵，深红色心材用作染料

同义词：红檀香 红檀香 红檀香 紫檀

紫檀树（Pterocarpus santalinus）坚硬耐用的木材

同义词： 红宝石木

赤金檀，顾名思义，这种木材产自东南亚的热带雨林。具体来说，主要分布在泰国、老挝、越南等地区的深山老林中。

Red sandalwood, as the name suggests, is produced in the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. Specifically, it is mainly distributed in the deep mountains and forests of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and other regions.

赤金檀喜热喜湿，生长在年均气温26-30℃、年降雨量2000-3000毫米的热带雨林中，这样的环境为它的生长提供了得天独厚的条件。

Red sandalwood enjoys heat and humidity, and grows in tropical rainforests with an average annual temperature of 26-30 ℃ and an annual rainfall of 2000-3000 millimeters. This environment provides unique conditions for its growth.

 City Chinese Province Prefecture Founded (PRC) Hong Kong 香港特别行政區 autonomous none 1997-07-01 Macau 澳門特别行政區 autonomous none 1999-12-20 Beijing 北京市 municipal none 1949-10-01 Chongqing 重庆市 municipal none 1997-03-14 Shanghai 上海市 municipal none 1949-10-01 Tianjin 天津市 municipal none 1967-01-02 Anqing 安庆市 Anhui direct administration 1979-11-04 Bengbu 蚌埠市 Anhui direct administration 1949-10-01 Bozhou 亳州市 Anhui direct administration 2000-05-21 Chaohu 巢湖市 Anhui Hefei 2011-07-14 Chizhou 池州市 Anhui direct administration 2000-06-25 Chuzhou 滁州市 Anhui direct administration 1992-12-20 Fuyang 阜阳市 Anhui direct administration 1996-01-01 Guangde 广德市 Anhui Xuancheng 2019-07-12 Hefei 合肥市 Anhui direct administration 1949-10-01 Huaibei 淮北市 Anhui direct administration 1960-04-16 Huainan 淮南市 Anhui direct administration 1951-01-18 Huangshan 黄山市 Anhui direct administration 1987-11-27 Jieshou 界首市 Anhui Fuyang 1989-09-27 Lu'an 六安市 Anhui direct administration 1999-09-02 Ma'anshan 马鞍山市 Anhui direct administration 1956-10-12 Mingguang 明光市 Anhui Chuzhou 1994-05-31 Ningguo 宁国市 Anhui Xuancheng 1997-03-11 Qianshan 潜山市 Anhui Anqing 2018-07-02 Suzhou 宿州市 Anhui direct administration 1998-12-06 Tianchang 天长市 Anhui Chuzhou 1993-09-18 Tongcheng 桐城市 Anhui Anqing 1996-08-20 Tongling 铜陵市 Anhui direct administration 1971-12-11 Wuhu 芜湖市 Anhui direct administration 1972-12-30 Wuwei 无为市 Anhui Wuhu 2019-11-20 Xuancheng 宣城市 Anhui direct administration 2000-06-25 Fu'an 福安市 Fujian Ningde 1989-11-13 Fuding 福鼎市 Fujian Ningde 1995-10-13 Fuqing 福清市 Fujian Fuzhou 1990-12-26 Fuzhou 福州市 Fujian direct administration 1949-10-01 Jian'ou 建瓯市 Fujian Nanping 1992-10-20 Jinjiang 晋江市 Fujian Quanzhou 1992-03-06 Longhai 龙海市 Fujian Zhangzhou 1993-05-12 Longyan 龙岩市 Fujian direct administration 1996-11-20 Nan'an 南安市 Fujian Quanzhou 1993-05-12 Nanping 南平市 Fujian direct administration 1994-09-05 Ningde 宁德市 Fujian direct administration 1999-11-14 Putian 莆田市 Fujian direct administration 1983-09-09 Quanzhou 泉州市 Fujian direct administration 1985-05-14 Sanming 三明市 Fujian direct administration 1983-04-28 Shaowu 邵武市 Fujian Nanping 1983-08-17 Shishi 石狮市 Fujian Quanzhou 1987-12-17 Wuyishan 武夷山市 Fujian Nanping 1989-08-21 Xiamen 厦门市 Fujian direct administration 1949-10-01 Yong'an 永安市 Fujian Sanming 1984-09-12 Zhangping 漳平市 Fujian Longyan 1990-08-15 Zhangzhou 漳州市 Fujian direct administration 1985-05-14 Baiyin 白银市 Gansu direct administration 1985-05-14 Dingxi 定西市 Gansu direct administration 2003-04-04 Dunhuang 敦煌市 Gansu Jiuquan 1987-08-21 Hezuo 合作市 Gansu Gannan 1996-05-28 Huating 华亭市 Gansu Pingliang 2018-07-02 Jiayuguan 嘉峪关市 Gansu direct administration 1971-09-10 Jinchang 金昌市 Gansu direct administration 1981-02-09 Jiuquan 酒泉市 Gansu direct administration 2002-06-18 Lanzhou 兰州市 Gansu direct administration 1949-10-01 Linxia 临夏市 Gansu Linxia 1983-08-31 Longnan 陇南市 Gansu direct administration 2004-01-11 Pingliang 平凉市 Gansu direct administration 2002-06-02 Qingyang 庆阳市 Gansu direct administration 2002-06-22 Tianshui 天水市 Gansu direct 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Guangdong Shanwei 1995-01-19 Luoding 罗定市 Guangdong Yunfu 1993-04-08 Maoming 茂名市 Guangdong direct administration 1975-11-22 Meizhou 梅州市 Guangdong direct administration 1988-01-07 Nanxiong 南雄市 Guangdong Shaoguan 1996-06-17 Puning 普宁市 Guangdong Jieyang 1993-04-06 Qingyuan 清远市 Guangdong direct administration 1988-01-07 Shantou 汕头市 Guangdong direct administration 1975-11-22 Shanwei 汕尾市 Guangdong direct administration 1988-01-07 Shaoguan 韶关市 Guangdong direct administration 1975-11-22 Shenzhen 深圳市 Guangdong direct administration 1979-03-05 Sihui 四会市 Guangdong Zhaoqing 1993-11-25 Taishan 台山市 Guangdong Jiangmen 1992-04-17 Wuchuan 吴川市 Guangdong Zhanjiang 1994-05-26 Xingning 兴宁市 Guangdong Meizhou 1994-06-06 Xinyi 信宜市 Guangdong Maoming 1995-09-11 Yangchun 阳春市 Guangdong Yangjiang 1994-05-05 Yangjiang 阳江市 Guangdong direct administration 1988-01-07 Yingde 英德市 Guangdong Qingyuan 1994-01-12 Yunfu 云浮市 Guangdong direct administration 1994-04-05 Zhanjiang 湛江市 Guangdong direct administration 1975-11-22 Zhaoqing 肇庆市 Guangdong direct administration 1988-01-07 Zhongshan 中山市 Guangdong direct administration 1988-01-07 Zhuhai 珠海市 Guangdong direct administration 1979-03-05 Baise 百色市 Guangxi direct administration 2002-06-02 Beihai 北海市 Guangxi direct administration 1983-10-08 Beiliu 北流市 Guangxi Yulin 1994-04-18 Cenxi 岑溪市 Guangxi Wuzhou 1995-09-11 Chongzuo 崇左市 Guangxi direct administration 2002-12-23 Dongxing 东兴市 Guangxi Fangchenggang 1996-04-29 Fangchenggang 防城港市 Guangxi direct administration 1993-05-23 Guigang 贵港市 Guangxi direct administration 1995-10-27 Guilin 桂林市 Guangxi direct administration 1961-11-25 Guiping 桂平市 Guangxi Guigang 1994-05-18 Hechi 河池市 Guangxi direct administration 2002-06-18 Hengzhou 横州市 Guangxi Nanning 2021-02-03 Heshan 合山市 Guangxi Laibin 1981-06-29 Hezhou 贺州市 Guangxi direct administration 2002-06-18 Jingxi 靖西市 Guangxi Baise 2015-08-01 Laibin 来宾市 Guangxi direct administration 2002-09-29 Lipu 荔浦市 Guangxi Guilin 2018-07-02 Liuzhou 柳州市 Guangxi direct administration 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1988-09-13 Luanzhou 滦州市 Hebei Tangshan 2018-07-02 Nangong 南宫市 Hebei Xingtai 1986-03-05 Pingquan 平泉市 Hebei Chengde 2017-04-09 Qian'an 迁安市 Hebei Tangshan 1996-10-10 Qinhuangdao 秦皇岛市 Hebei direct administration 1983-03-03 Renqiu 任丘市 Hebei Cangzhou 1986-03-05 Sanhe 三河市 Hebei Langfang 1993-03-03 Shahe 沙河市 Hebei Xingtai 1987-02-20 Shenzhou 深州市 Hebei Hengshui 1994-07-04 Shijiazhuang 石家庄市 Hebei direct administration 1978-03-11 Tangshan 唐山市 Hebei direct administration 1978-03-11 Xinji 辛集市 Hebei Shijiazhuang 1986-03-05 Wu'an 武安市 Hebei Handan 1988-09-01 Xingtai 邢台市 Hebei direct administration 1983-11-15 Xinle 新乐市 Hebei Shijiazhuang 1992-10-08 Zhangjiakou 张家口市 Hebei direct administration 1983-11-15 Zhuozhou 涿州市 Hebei Baoding 1986-09-24 Zunhua 遵化市 Hebei Tangshan 1992-02-17 Anda 安达市 Heilongjiang Suihua 1984-11-17 Bei'an 北安市 Heilongjiang Heihe 1982-12-18 Daqing 大庆市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1965-12-28 Dongning 东宁市 Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 2015-12-15 Fujin 富锦市 Heilongjiang Jiamusi 1988-08-30 Fuyuan 抚远市 Heilongjiang Jiamusi 2016-01-13 Hailin 海林市 Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 1992-07-28 Hailun 海伦市 Heilongjiang Suihua 1989-12-23 Harbin 哈尔滨市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1954-06-19 Hegang 鹤岗市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1966-02-08 Heihe 黑河市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1993-02-08 Hulin 虎林市 Heilongjiang Jixi 1996-10-11 Jiamusi 佳木斯市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1983-10-08 Jixi 鸡西市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1966-02-08 Mishan 密山市 Heilongjiang Jixi 1988-11-17 Mohe 漠河市 Heilongjiang Daxing'anling 2018-02-22 Mudanjiang 牡丹江市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1983-10-08 Muling 穆棱市 Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 1995-03-07 Nehe 讷河市 Heilongjiang Qiqihar 1992-09-02 Nenjiang 嫩江市 Heilongjiang Heihe 2019-07-12 Ning'an 宁安市 Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 1993-02-12 Qiqihar 齐齐哈尔市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1964-01-15 Qitaihe 七台河市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1983-10-08 Shangzhi 尚志市 Heilongjiang Harbin 1988-09-14 Shuangyashan 双鸭山市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1966-02-08 Suifenhe 绥芬河市 Heilongjiang Mudanjiang 1975-08-15 Suihua 绥化市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1999-12-28 Tieli 铁力市 Heilongjiang Yichun 1988-09-13 Tongjiang 同江市 Heilongjiang Jiamusi 1987-02-24 Wuchang 五常市 Heilongjiang Harbin 1993-06-01 Wudalianchi 五大连池市 Heilongjiang Heihe 1983-10-08 Yichun 伊春市 Heilongjiang direct administration 1979-12-14 Zhaodong 肇东市 Heilongjiang Suihua 1986-09-08 Anyang 安阳市 Henan direct administration 1982-03-10 Changge 长葛市 Henan Xuchang 1993-12-14 Changyuan 长垣市 Henan Xinxiang 2019-07-12 Dengfeng 登封市 Henan Zhengzhou 1994-05-30 Dengzhou 邓州市 Henan Nanyang 1988-11-17 Gongyi 巩义市 Henan Zhengzhou 1991-06-12 Hebi 鹤壁市 Henan direct administration 1974-01-19 Huixian 辉县市 Henan Xinxiang 1988-10-11 Jiaozuo 焦作市 Henan direct administration 1974-01-19 Jiyuan 济源市 Henan none 1988-06-25 Kaifeng 开封市 Henan direct administration 1961-12-25 Lingbao 灵宝市 Henan Sanmenxia 1993-05-12 Linzhou 林州市 Henan Anyang 1994-01-24 Luohe 漯河市 Henan direct administration 1986-01-18 Luoyang 洛阳市 Henan direct administration 1964-04-30 Mengzhou 孟州市 Henan Jiaozuo 1996-04-29 Nanyang 南阳市 Henan direct administration 1994-07-01 Pingdingshan 平顶山市 Henan direct administration 1969-03-15 Puyang 濮阳市 Henan direct administration 1983-09-01 Qinyang 沁阳市 Henan Jiaozuo 1989-09-27 Ruzhou 汝州市 Henan Pingdingshan 1988-06-25 Sanmenxia 三门峡市 Henan direct administration 1986-01-18 Shangqiu 商丘市 Henan direct administration 1997-06-10 Weihui 卫辉市 Henan Xinxiang 1988-10-08 Wugang 舞钢市 Henan Pingdingshan 1990-09-04 Xiangcheng 项城市 Henan Zhoukou 1993-12-16 Xingyang 荥阳市 Henan Zhengzhou 1994-04-05 Xinmi 新密市 Henan Zhengzhou 1994-04-05 Xinxiang 新乡市 Henan direct administration 1982-03-10 Xinyang 信阳市 Henan direct administration 1998-06-09 Xinzheng 新郑市 Henan Zhengzhou 1994-05-16 Xuchang 许昌市 Henan direct administration 1986-01-18 Yanshi 偃师市 Henan Luoyang 1993-12-15 Yima 义马市 Henan Sanmenxia 1981-04-04 Yongcheng 永城市 Henan Shangqiu 1996-10-11 Yuzhou 禹州市 Henan Xuchang 1988-06-25 Zhengzhou 郑州市 Henan direct administration 1949-10-01 Zhoukou 周口市 Henan direct administration 2000-06-08 Zhumadian 驻马店市 Henan direct administration 2000-06-08 Anlu 安陆市 Hubei Xiaogan 1987-09-04 Chibi 赤壁市 Hubei Xianning 1986-05-27 Dangyang 当阳市 Hubei Yichang 1988-10-22 Danjiangkou 丹江口市 Hubei Shiyan 1983-08-19 Daye 大冶市 Hubei Huangshi 1994-02-18 Enshi 恩施市 Hubei Enshi 1981-11-07 Ezhou 鄂州市 Hubei direct administration 1983-08-19 Guangshui 广水市 Hubei Suizhou 1988-10-11 Hanchuan 汉川市 Hubei Xiaogan 1997-03-12 Honghu 洪湖市 Hubei Jingzhou 1987-07-31 Huanggang 黄冈市 Hubei direct administration 1995-12-23 Huangshi 黄石市 Hubei direct administration 1950-08-30 Jianli 监利市 Hubei Jingzhou 2020-06-12 Jingmen 荆门市 Hubei direct administration 1983-08-19 Jingshan 京山市 Hubei Jingmen 2018-02-22 Jingzhou 荆州市 Hubei direct administration 1994-09-29 Laohekou 老河口市 Hubei Xiangyang 1979-11-16 Lichuan 利川市 Hubei Enshi 1986-05-27 Macheng 麻城市 Hubei Huanggang 1986-05-27 Qianjiang 潜江市 Hubei none 1988-05-25 Shishou 石首市 Hubei Jingzhou 1986-05-27 Shiyan 十堰市 Hubei direct administration 1973-02-17 Suizhou 随州市 Hubei direct administration 2000-06-25 Songzi 松滋市 Hubei Jingzhou 1995-12-29 Tianmen 天门市 Hubei none 1987-08-03 Wuhan 武汉市 Hubei direct administration 1954-06-19 Wuxue 武穴市 Hubei Huanggang 1987-10-23 Xiangyang 襄阳市 Hubei direct administration 1979-06-21 Xianning 咸宁市 Hubei direct administration 1998-12-06 Xiantao 仙桃市 Hubei none 1986-05-27 Xiaogan 孝感市 Hubei direct administration 1993-04-10 Yichang 宜昌市 Hubei direct administration 1979-06-21 Yicheng 宜城市 Hubei Xiangyang 1994-06-10 Yidu 宜都市 Hubei Yichang 1987-11-30 Yingcheng 应城市 Hubei Xiaogan 1986-05-27 Zaoyang 枣阳市 Hubei Xiangyang 1988-01-08 Zhijiang 枝江市 Hubei Yichang 1996-07-30 Zhongxiang 钟祥市 Hubei Jingmen 1992-05-20 Changde 常德市 Hunan direct administration 1988-01-23 Changning 常宁市 Hunan Hengyang 1996-11-26 Changsha 长沙市 Hunan direct administration 1949-10-01 Chenzhou 郴州市 Hunan direct administration 1994-12-17 Hengyang 衡阳市 Hunan direct administration 1980-02-20 Hongjiang 洪江市 Hunan Huaihua 1979-09-01 Huaihua 怀化市 Hunan direct administration 1997-11-29 Jinshi 津市市 Hunan Changde 1979-12-19 Jishou 吉首市 Hunan Xiangxi 1982-08-03 Leiyang 耒阳市 Hunan Hengyang 1986-11-11 Lengshuijiang 冷水江市 Hunan Loudi 1983-07-13 Lianyuan 涟源市 Hunan Loudi 1987-06-10 Liling 醴陵市 Hunan Zhuzhou 1985-05-24 Linxiang 临湘市 Hunan Yueyang 1992-09-01 Liuyang 浏阳市 Hunan Changsha 1993-01-16 Loudi 娄底市 Hunan direct administration 1999-01-20 Miluo 汨罗市 Hunan Yueyang 1987-09-23 Ningxiang 宁乡市 Hunan Changsha 2017-04-09 Shaoshan 韶山市 Hunan Xiangtan 1990-12-26 Shaodong 邵东市 Hunan Shaoyang 2019-07-12 Shaoyang 邵阳市 Hunan direct administration 1980-02-20 Wugang 武冈市 Hunan Shaoyang 1994-02-18 Xiangtan 湘潭市 Hunan direct administration 1980-02-20 Xiangxiang 湘乡市 Hunan Xiangtan 1986-09-12 Yiyang 益阳市 Hunan direct administration 1994-03-07 Yongzhou 永州市 Hunan direct administration 1995-11-21 Yuanjiang 沅江市 Hunan Yiyang 1988-10-11 Yueyang 岳阳市 Hunan direct administration 1983-02-08 Zhangjiajie 张家界市 Hunan direct administration 1988-05-18 Zhuzhou 株洲市 Hunan direct administration 1956-11-30 Zixing 资兴市 Hunan Chenzhou 1984-12-20 Arxan 阿尔山市 Inner Mongolia Hinggan 1996-06-10 Baotou 包头市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 1950-02-13 Bayannur 巴彦淖尔市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 2003-12-01 Chifeng 赤峰市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 1983-10-10 Erenhot 二连浩特市 Inner Mongolia Xilingol 1966-01-18 Ergun 额尔古纳市 Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir 1994-07-13 Fengzhen 丰镇市 Inner Mongolia Ulanqab 1990-11-15 Genhe 根河市 Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir 1994-04-28 Hohhot 呼和浩特市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 1950-01-18 Holingol 霍林郭勒市 Inner Mongolia Tongliao 1985-11-09 Hulunbuir 呼伦贝尔市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 2001-10-10 Manzhouli 满洲里市 Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir 1954-05-21 Ordos 鄂尔多斯市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 2001-02-26 Tongliao 通辽市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 1999-01-13 Ulanhot 乌兰浩特市 Inner Mongolia Hinggan 1980-07-26 Ulanqab 乌兰察布市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 2003-12-01 Wuhai 乌海市 Inner Mongolia direct administration 1975-08-30 Xilinhot 锡林浩特市 Inner Mongolia Xilingol 1983-10-10 Yakeshi 牙克石市 Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir 1983-10-10 Zhalantun 扎兰屯市 Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir 1983-10-10 Changshu 常熟市 Jiangsu Suzhou 1983-01-18 Changzhou 常州市 Jiangsu direct administration 1962-06-25 Danyang 丹阳市 Jiangsu Zhenjiang 1987-12-15 Dongtai 东台市 Jiangsu Yancheng 1987-12-17 Gaoyou 高邮市 Jiangsu Yangzhou 1991-02-06 Hai'an 海安市 Jiangsu Nantong 2018-02-22 Huai'an 淮安市 Jiangsu direct administration 1983-01-18 Jiangyin 江阴市 Jiangsu Wuxi 1987-04-23 Jingjiang 靖江市 Jiangsu Taizhou 1993-07-14 Jurong 句容市 Jiangsu Zhenjiang 1995-04-06 Liyang 溧阳市 Jiangsu Changzhou 1990-08-15 Lianyungang 连云港市 Jiangsu direct administration 1962-06-25 Kunshan 昆山市 Jiangsu Suzhou 1989-07-27 Nanjing 南京市 Jiangsu direct administration 1953-12-17 Nantong 南通市 Jiangsu direct administration 1962-06-25 Pizhou 邳州市 Jiangsu Xuzhou 1992-07-07 Qidong 启东市 Jiangsu Nantong 1989-11-13 Rugao 如皋市 Jiangsu Nantong 1991-02-06 Suqian 宿迁市 Jiangsu direct administration 1996-07-19 Suzhou 苏州市 Jiangsu direct administration 1962-06-25 Taicang 太仓市 Jiangsu Suzhou 1993-01-08 Taixing 泰兴市 Jiangsu Taizhou 1992-09-21 Taizhou 泰州市 Jiangsu direct administration 1996-07-19 Wuxi 无锡市 Jiangsu direct administration 1949-10-01 Xinghua 兴化市 Jiangsu Taizhou 1987-12-22 Xinyi 新沂市 Jiangsu Xuzhou 1990-02-05 Xuzhou 徐州市 Jiangsu direct administration 1962-06-25 Yancheng 盐城市 Jiangsu direct administration 1983-01-18 Yangzhong 扬中市 Jiangsu Zhenjiang 1994-05-18 Yangzhou 扬州市 Jiangsu direct administration 1983-01-18 Yixing 宜兴市 Jiangsu Wuxi 1988-01-09 Yizheng 仪征市 Jiangsu Yangzhou 1986-04-21 Zhangjiagang 张家港市 Jiangsu Suzhou 1986-09-16 Zhenjiang 镇江市 Jiangsu direct administration 1983-01-18 Dexing 德兴市 Jiangxi Shangrao 1990-12-26 Fengcheng 丰城市 Jiangxi Yichun 1988-10-04 Fuzhou 抚州市 Jiangxi direct administration 2000-06-23 Ganzhou 赣州市 Jiangxi direct administration 1998-12-24 Gao'an 高安市 Jiangxi Yichun 1993-12-08 Gongqingcheng 共青城市 Jiangxi Jiujiang 2010-09-10 Guixi 贵溪市 Jiangxi Yingtan 1996-05-28 Ji'an 吉安市 Jiangxi direct administration 2000-05-11 Jingdezhen 景德镇市 Jiangxi direct administration 1953-06-15 Jinggangshan 井冈山市 Jiangxi Ji'an 1984-12-13 Jiujiang 九江市 Jiangxi direct administration 1980-03-28 Leping 乐平市 Jiangxi Jingdezhen 1992-07-27 Longnan 龙南市 Jiangxi Ganzhou 2020-06-12 Lushan 庐山市 Jiangxi Jiujiang 2016-03-20 Nanchang 南昌市 Jiangxi direct administration 1949-10-01 Pingxiang 萍乡市 Jiangxi direct administration 1970-03-10 Ruichang 瑞昌市 Jiangxi Jiujiang 1989-12-20 Ruijin 瑞金市 Jiangxi Ganzhou 1994-05-18 Shangrao 上饶市 Jiangxi direct administration 2000-06-23 Xinyu 新余市 Jiangxi direct administration 1983-07-27 Yichun 宜春市 Jiangxi direct administration 2000-05-22 Yingtan 鹰潭市 Jiangxi direct administration 1983-07-27 Zhangshu 樟树市 Jiangxi Yichun 1988-10-13 Baicheng 白城市 Jilin direct administration 1993-06-14 Baishan 白山市 Jilin direct administration 1985-02-04 Changchun 长春市 Jilin direct administration 1954-06-19 Da'an 大安市 Jilin Baicheng 1988-08-30 Dehui 德惠市 Jilin Changchun 1994-07-06 Dunhua 敦化市 Jilin Yanbian 1985-02-28 Fuyu 扶余市 Jilin Songyuan 2013-01-24 Gongzhuling 公主岭市 Jilin Changchun 1985-12-19 Helong 和龙市 Jilin Yanbian 1993-07-05 Huadian 桦甸市 Jilin Jilin 1988-05-25 Hunchun 珲春市 Jilin Yanbian 1988-05-25 Ji'an 集安市 Jilin Tonghua 1988-03-16 Jiaohe 蛟河市 Jilin Jilin 1989-08-15 Jilin 吉林市 Jilin direct administration 1949-10-01 Liaoyuan 辽源市 Jilin direct administration 1983-08-30 Linjiang 临江市 Jilin Baishan 1993-11-28 Longjing 龙井市 Jilin Yanbian 1988-05-25 Meihekou 梅河口市 Jilin Tonghua 1985-12-19 Panshi 磐石市 Jilin Jilin 1995-08-30 Shuangliao 双辽市 Jilin Siping 1996-04-29 Shulan 舒兰市 Jilin Jilin 1992-10-08 Siping 四平市 Jilin direct administration 1983-08-30 Songyuan 松原市 Jilin direct administration 1992-06-06 Taonan 洮南市 Jilin Baicheng 1987-05-21 Tonghua 通化市 Jilin direct administration 1985-02-04 Tumen 图们市 Jilin Yanbian 1965-03-27 Yanji 延吉市 Jilin Yanbian 1953-05-04 Yushu 榆树市 Jilin Changchun 1990-12-26 Anshan 鞍山市 Liaoning direct administration 1954-06-19 Benxi 本溪市 Liaoning direct administration 1954-06-19 Beipiao 北票市 Liaoning Chaoyang 1985-01-17 Beizhen 北镇市 Liaoning Jinzhou 1995-03-21 Chaoyang 朝阳市 Liaoning direct administration 1984-06-30 Dalian 大连市 Liaoning direct administration 1954-06-19 Dandong 丹东市 Liaoning direct administration 1949-10-01 Dashiqiao 大石桥市 Liaoning Yingkou 1992-11-03 Dengta 灯塔市 Liaoning Liaoyang 1996-08-27 Diaobingshan 调兵山市 Liaoning Tieling 1986-09-12 Donggang 东港市 Liaoning Dandong 1993-06-18 Fengcheng 凤城市 Liaoning Dandong 1994-03-08 Fushun 抚顺市 Liaoning direct administration 1954-06-19 Fuxin 阜新市 Liaoning direct administration 1949-10-01 Gaizhou 盖州市 Liaoning Yingkou 1992-11-03 Haicheng 海城市 Liaoning Anshan 1985-01-17 Huludao 葫芦岛市 Liaoning direct administration 1989-06-12 Jinzhou 锦州市 Liaoning direct administration 1949-10-01 Kaiyuan 开原市 Liaoning Tieling 1988-12-27 Liaoyang 辽阳市 Liaoning direct administration 1965-12-27 Linghai 凌海市 Liaoning Jinzhou 1993-11-16 Lingyuan 凌源市 Liaoning Chaoyang 1991-12-21 Panjin 盘锦市 Liaoning direct administration 1984-06-05 Shenyang 沈阳市 Liaoning direct administration 1954-06-19 Tieling 铁岭市 Liaoning direct administration 1984-06-30 Wafangdian 瓦房店市 Liaoning Dalian 1985-01-17 Xingcheng 兴城市 Liaoning Huludao 1986-09-12 Xinmin 新民市 Liaoning Shenyang 1993-06-14 Yingkou 营口市 Liaoning direct administration 1949-10-01 Zhuanghe 庄河市 Liaoning Dalian 1992-09-21 Guyuan 固原市 Ningxia direct administration 2001-07-07 Lingwu 灵武市 Ningxia Yinchuan 1996-04-29 Qingtongxia 青铜峡市 Ningxia Wuzhong 1984-12-17 Shizuishan 石嘴山市 Ningxia direct administration 1975-11-23 Wuzhong 吴忠市 Ningxia direct administration 1998-05-11 Yinchuan 银川市 Ningxia direct administration 1958-08-11 Zhongwei 中卫市 Ningxia direct administration 2003-12-31 Delingha 德令哈市 Qinghai Haixi 1988-04-19 Golmud 格尔木市 Qinghai Haixi 1980-06-14 Haidong 海东市 Qinghai direct administration 2013-02-08 Mangnai 茫崖市 Qinghai Haixi 2018-02-22 Tongren 同仁市 Qinghai Huangnan 2020-06-12 Xining 西宁市 Qinghai direct administration 1956-07-14 Yushu 玉树市 Qinghai Yushu 2013-07-04 Ankang 安康市 Shaanxi direct administration 2000-06-23 Baoji 宝鸡市 Shaanxi direct administration 1971-10-05 Binzhou 彬州市 Shaanxi Xianyang 2018-02-22 Hancheng 韩城市 Shaanxi Weinan 1983-09-09 Hanzhong 汉中市 Shaanxi direct administration 1996-02-21 Huayin 华阴市 Shaanxi Weinan 1990-12-27 Shangluo 商洛市 Shaanxi direct administration 2001-08-31 Shenmu 神木市 Shaanxi Yulin 2017-04-09 Tongchuan 铜川市 Shaanxi direct administration 1966-06-24 Weinan 渭南市 Shaanxi direct administration 1983-09-09 Xi'an 西安市 Shaanxi direct administration 1954-06-19 Xianyang 咸阳市 Shaanxi direct administration 1983-09-09 Xingping 兴平市 Shaanxi Xianyang 1993-06-18 Xunyang 旬阳市 Shaanxi Ankang 2021-01-20 Yan'an 延安市 Shaanxi direct administration 1996-11-05 Yulin 榆林市 Shaanxi direct administration 1999-12-05 Zichang 子长市 Shaanxi Yan'an 2019-07-12 Anqiu 安丘市 Shandong Weifang 1994-01-18 Binzhou 滨州市 Shandong direct administration 2000-06-10 Changyi 昌邑市 Shandong Weifang 1994-06-10 Dezhou 德州市 Shandong direct administration 1994-12-17 Dongying 东营市 Shandong direct administration 1982-11-10 Feicheng 肥城市 Shandong Tai'an 1992-08-01 Gaomi 高密市 Shandong Weifang 1994-05-18 Haiyang 海阳市 Shandong Yantai 1996-04-29 Heze 菏泽市 Shandong direct administration 2000-06-23 Jiaozhou 胶州市 Shandong Qingdao 1987-02-12 Jinan 济南市 Shandong direct administration 1949-10-01 Jining 济宁市 Shandong direct administration 1983-08-30 Laixi 莱西市 Shandong Qingdao 1990-12-18 Laiyang 莱阳市 Shandong Yantai 1987-02-20 Laizhou 莱州市 Shandong Yantai 1988-02-24 Leling 乐陵市 Shandong Dezhou 1988-09-01 Liaocheng 聊城市 Shandong direct administration 1997-08-29 Linqing 临清市 Shandong Liaocheng 1983-08-30 Linyi 临沂市 Shandong direct administration 1994-12-17 Longkou 龙口市 Shandong Yantai 1986-09-23 Pingdu 平度市 Shandong Qingdao 1989-07-27 Qingdao 青岛市 Shandong direct administration 1949-10-01 Qingzhou 青州市 Shandong Weifang 1986-03-01 Qixia 栖霞市 Shandong Yantai 1995-11-30 Qufu 曲阜市 Shandong Jining 1986-06-02 Rizhao 日照市 Shandong direct administration 1989-06-12 Rongcheng 荣成市 Shandong Weihai 1988-11-01 Rushan 乳山市 Shandong Weihai 1993-07-17 Shouguang 寿光市 Shandong Weifang 1993-06-01 Tai'an 泰安市 Shandong direct administration 1985-03-27 Tengzhou 滕州市 Shandong Zaozhuang 1988-03-07 Weifang 潍坊市 Shandong direct administration 1983-08-30 Weihai 威海市 Shandong direct administration 1987-06-15 Xintai 新泰市 Shandong Tai'an 1983-08-30 Yantai 烟台市 Shandong direct administration 1983-08-30 Yucheng 禹城市 Shandong Dezhou 1993-09-09 Zaozhuang 枣庄市 Shandong direct administration 1961-09-12 Zhaoyuan 招远市 Shandong Yantai 1991-12-21 Zhucheng 诸城市 Shandong Weifang 1987-04-20 Zibo 淄博市 Shandong direct administration 1961-09-12 Zoucheng 邹城市 Shandong Jining 1992-10-04 Zouping 邹平市 Shandong Binzhou 2018-07-02 Changzhi 长治市 Shanxi direct administration 1975-07-09 Datong 大同市 Shanxi direct administration 1972-03-09 Fenyang 汾阳市 Shanxi Lüliang 1996-08-20 Gaoping 高平市 Shanxi Jincheng 1993-05-12 Gujiao 古交市 Shanxi Taiyuan 1988-02-24 Hejin 河津市 Shanxi Yuncheng 1994-01-12 Houma 侯马市 Shanxi Linfen 1971-06-05 Huairen 怀仁市 Shanxi Shuozhou 2018-02-22 Huozhou 霍州市 Shanxi Linfen 1989-12-23 Jiexiu 介休市 Shanxi Jinzhong 1992-02-10 Jincheng 晋城市 Shanxi direct administration 1985-04-30 Jinzhong 晋中市 Shanxi direct administration 1999-09-24 Linfen 临汾市 Shanxi direct administration 2000-06-23 Lüliang 吕梁市 Shanxi direct administration 2003-10-23 Shuozhou 朔州市 Shanxi direct administration 1988-03-24 Taiyuan 太原市 Shanxi direct administration 1949-10-01 Xiaoyi 孝义市 Shanxi Lüliang 1992-02-10 Xinzhou 忻州市 Shanxi direct administration 2000-06-14 Yangquan 阳泉市 Shanxi direct administration 1972-03-09 Yongji 永济市 Shanxi Yuncheng 1994-01-12 Yuncheng 运城市 Shanxi direct administration 2000-06-14 Yuanping 原平市 Shanxi Xinzhou 1993-06-17 Barkam 马尔康市 Sichuan Ngawa 2015-11-02 Bazhong 巴中市 Sichuan direct administration 2000-06-14 Chengdu 成都市 Sichuan direct administration 1949-10-01 Chongzhou 崇州市 Sichuan Chengdu 1994-06-20 Dazhou 达州市 Sichuan direct administration 1999-06-20 Deyang 德阳市 Sichuan direct administration 1983-08-18 Dujiangyan 都江堰市 Sichuan Chengdu 1988-03-03 Emeishan 峨眉山市 Sichuan Leshan 1988-09-01 Guang'an 广安市 Sichuan direct administration 1998-07-31 Guanghan 广汉市 Sichuan Deyang 1988-02-24 Guangyuan 广元市 Sichuan direct administration 1985-02-08 Huaying 华蓥市 Sichuan Guang'an 1985-02-04 Huili 会理市 Sichuan Liangshan 2021-02-01 Jiangyou 江油市 Sichuan Mianyang 1988-02-24 Jianyang 简阳市 Sichuan Chengdu 1994-04-05 Kangding 康定市 Sichuan Garzê 2015-02-17 Langzhong 阆中市 Sichuan Nanchong 1991-01-12 Leshan 乐山市 Sichuan direct administration 1985-02-11 Longchang 隆昌市 Sichuan Neijiang 2017-04-09 Luzhou 泸州市 Sichuan direct administration 1983-03-03 Mianzhu 绵竹市 Sichuan Deyang 1996-10-15 Meishan 眉山市 Sichuan direct administration 2000-06-10 Mianyang 绵阳市 Sichuan direct administration 1985-02-08 Nanchong 南充市 Sichuan direct administration 1993-07-02 Neijiang 内江市 Sichuan direct administration 1985-02-11 Panzhihua 攀枝花市 Sichuan direct administration 1965-04-22 Pengzhou 彭州市 Sichuan Chengdu 1993-12-01 Qionglai 邛崃市 Sichuan Chengdu 1994-06-19 Shifang 什邡市 Sichuan Deyang 1995-11-08 Shehong 射洪市 Sichuan Suining 2019-07-12 Suining 遂宁市 Sichuan direct administration 1985-02-08 Wanyuan 万源市 Sichuan Dazhou 1993-07-14 Xichang 西昌市 Sichuan Liangshan 1979-07-19 Ya'an 雅安市 Sichuan direct administration 2000-06-14 Yibin 宜宾市 Sichuan direct administration 1996-10-05 Zigong 自贡市 Sichuan direct administration 1949-10-01 Ziyang 资阳市 Sichuan direct administration 2000-06-14 Lhasa 拉萨市 Tibet direct administration 1960-01-07 Nagqu 那曲市 Tibet direct administration 2017-07-18 Nyingchi 林芝市 Tibet direct administration 2015-03-16 Qamdo 昌都市 Tibet direct administration 2014-10-29 Shannan 山南市 Tibet direct administration 2016-01-07 Xigazê 日喀则市 Tibet direct administration 2014-06-26 Aksu 阿克苏市 Xinjiang Aksu 1983-08-19 Alashankou 阿拉山口市 Xinjiang Bortala 2012-12-17 Altay 阿勒泰市 Xinjiang Altay 1984-11-17 Aral 阿拉尔市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2002-09-17 Artux 阿图什市 Xinjiang Kizilsu 1986-06-07 Beitun 北屯市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2011-12-27 Bole 博乐市 Xinjiang Bortala 1985-06-24 Changji 昌吉市 Xinjiang Changji 1983-07-21 Fukang 阜康市 Xinjiang Changji 1992-11-03 Hami 哈密市 Xinjiang direct administration 2016-01-07 Hotan 和田市 Xinjiang Hotan 1983-09-09 Huyanghe 胡杨河市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2019-11-06 Karamay 克拉玛依市 Xinjiang direct administration 1982-02-16 Kashgar 喀什市 Xinjiang Kashgar 1952-05-22 Khorgas 霍尔果斯市 Xinjiang Ili 2014-06-26 Kokdala 可克达拉市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2015-03-16 Korla 库尔勒市 Xinjiang Bayingolin 1979-09-02 Kunyu 昆玉市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2016-01-07 Kuqa 库车市 Xinjiang Aksu 2019-11-20 Kuytun 奎屯市 Xinjiang Ili 1975-08-29 Shawan 沙湾市 Xinjiang Tacheng 2021-01-20 Shihezi 石河子市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 1976-01-02 Shuanghe 双河市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2014-01-25 Tacheng 塔城市 Xinjiang Tacheng 1984-11-17 Tiemenguan 铁门关市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2012-12-17 Tumxuk 图木舒克市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2002-09-17 Turpan 吐鲁番市 Xinjiang direct administration 2015-03-16 Ürümqi 乌鲁木齐市 Xinjiang direct administration 1949-10-01 Wujiaqu 五家渠市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2002-09-17 Wusu 乌苏市 Xinjiang Tacheng 1996-07-10 Xinxing 新星市 Xinjiang (XPCC) none 2021-02-04 Yining 伊宁市 Xinjiang Ili 1952-05-22 Anning 安宁市 Yunnan Kunming 1995-10-13 Baoshan 保山市 Yunnan direct administration 2000-12-30 Chengjiang 澄江市 Yunnan Yuxi 2019-11-20 Chuxiong 楚雄市 Yunnan Chuxiong 1983-09-09 Dali 大理市 Yunnan Dali 1983-09-09 Gejiu 个旧市 Yunnan Honghe 1958-09-16 Jinghong 景洪市 Yunnan Xishuangbanna 1993-12-22 Kaiyuan 开远市 Yunnan Honghe 1981-01-18 Kunming 昆明市 Yunnan direct administration 1949-10-01 Lincang 临沧市 Yunnan direct administration 2003-12-26 Lijiang 丽江市 Yunnan direct administration 2002-12-26 Lufeng 禄丰市 Yunnan Chuxiong 2021-01-20 Lushui 泸水市 Yunnan Nujiang 2016-06-16 Mangshi 芒市 Yunnan Dehong 1996-10-28 Mengzi 蒙自市 Yunnan Honghe 2010-09-10 Mile 弥勒市 Yunnan Honghe 2013-01-24 Pu'er 普洱市 Yunnan direct administration 2003-10-30 Qujing 曲靖市 Yunnan direct administration 1997-05-06 Ruili 瑞丽市 Yunnan Dehong 1992-06-26 Shangri-La 香格里拉市 Yunnan Dêqên 2014-12-16 Shuifu 水富市 Yunnan Zhaotong 2018-07-02 Tengchong 腾冲市 Yunnan Baoshan 2015-08-01 Wenshan 文山市 Yunnan Wenshan 2010-12-02 Xuanwei 宣威市 Yunnan Qujing 1994-02-18 Yuxi 玉溪市 Yunnan direct administration 1997-12-13 Zhaotong 昭通市 Yunnan direct administration 2001-01-13 Cixi 慈溪市 Zhejiang Ningbo 1988-10-13 Dongyang 东阳市 Zhejiang Jinhua 1988-05-25 Haining 海宁市 Zhejiang Jiaxing 1986-11-22 Hangzhou 杭州市 Zhejiang direct administration 1949-10-01 Huzhou 湖州市 Zhejiang direct administration 1983-07-27 Jiande 建德市 Zhejiang Hangzhou 1992-04-01 Jiangshan 江山市 Zhejiang Quzhou 1987-11-27 Jiaxing 嘉兴市 Zhejiang direct administration 1983-07-27 Jinhua 金华市 Zhejiang direct administration 1985-05-15 Lanxi 兰溪市 Zhejiang Jinhua 1985-05-15 Linhai 临海市 Zhejiang Taizhou 1986-03-01 Lishui 丽水市 Zhejiang direct administration 2000-05-20 Longgang 龙港市 Zhejiang Wenzhou 2019-08-16 Longquan 龙泉市 Zhejiang Lishui 1990-12-26 Ningbo 宁波市 Zhejiang direct administration 1949-12-20 Pinghu 平湖市 Zhejiang Jiaxing 1991-06-15 Quzhou 衢州市 Zhejiang direct administration 1985-05-15 Ruian 瑞安市 Zhejiang Wenzhou 1987-04-15 Shaoxing 绍兴市 Zhejiang direct administration 1983-07-27 Shengzhou 嵊州市 Zhejiang Shaoxing 1995-08-30 Taizhou 台州市 Zhejiang direct administration 1994-08-22 Tongxiang 桐乡市 Zhejiang Jiaxing 1993-03-26 Wenling 温岭市 Zhejiang Taizhou 1994-02-18 Wenzhou 温州市 Zhejiang direct administration 1949-11-06 Yiwu 义乌市 Zhejiang Jinhua 1988-05-25 Yongkang 永康市 Zhejiang Jinhua 1992-08-24 Yueqing 乐清市 Zhejiang Wenzhou 1993-09-18 Yuhuan 玉环市 Zhejiang Taizhou 2017-04-09 Yuyao 余姚市 Zhejiang Ningbo 1985-07-16 Zhoushan 舟山市 Zhejiang direct administration 1987-01-23 Zhuji 诸暨市 Zhejiang Shaoxing 1989-09-27 Renamed cities Before Chinese After Chinese Renamed date Weihaiwei 威海卫市 Weihai 威海市 1949-11-01 Xingshan 兴山市 Hegang 鹤岗市 1950-03-23 Xi'an 西安市 Liaoyuan 辽源市 1952-04-03 Nanzheng 南郑市 Hanzhong 汉中市 1953-10-24 Dihua 迪化市 Ürümqi 乌鲁木齐市 1953-11-20 Guisui 归绥市 Hohhot 呼和浩特市 1954-04-20 Xinhailian 新海连市 Lianyungang 连云港市 1961-09-02 Andong 安东市 Dandong 丹东市 1965-01-20 Suixi 濉溪市 Huaibei 淮北市 1971-03-30 Anda 安达市 Daqing 大庆市 1979-12-14 Sucheng 宿城市 Suzhou 宿州市 1980-02-29 Lüda 旅大市 Dalian 大连市 1981-02-09 Dukou 渡口市 Panzhihua 攀枝花市 1987-01-23 Meixian 梅县市 Meizhou 梅州市 1988-01-07 Daxian 达县市 Dazhou 达州市 1993-07-05 Hunjiang 浑江市 Baishan 白山市 1994-01-31 Dayong 大庸市 Zhangjiajie 张家界市 1994-04-04 Jinxi 锦西市 Huludao 葫芦岛市 1994-09-20 Jingsha 荆沙市 Jingzhou 荆州市 1996-11-20 Puqi 蒲圻市 Chibi 赤壁市 1998-06-11 Zhicheng 枝城市 Yidu 宜都市 1998-06-11 Huaiyin 淮阴市 Huai'an 淮安市 2000-12-21 Tongza 通什市 Wuzhishan 五指山市 2001-07-05 Tiefa 铁法市 Diaobingshan 调兵山市 2002-02-20 Beining 北宁市 Beizhen 北镇市 2006-02-08 Simao 思茅市 Pu'er 普洱市 2007-01-21 Luxi 潞西市 Mangshi 芒市 2007-12-30 Xiangfan 襄樊市 Xiangyang 襄阳市 2010-11-26 Dissolved cities City Chinese Founded Dissolved Merged division Former status Acheng 阿城市 1987-02-24 2006-08-15 merge into Harbin County-level city Anjiang 安江市 1961-07-09 1962-10-20 merge into Huaihua Prefecture Bayangol 巴彦郭勒市 1960-01-07 1964-07-20 merge into Bayannur League Bayanhot 巴彦浩特市 1954-06-19 1956-04-03 merge into Alxa League Beibei 北碚市 1951-11-05 1953-03-13 merge into Chongqing Boshan 博山市 1949-10-01 1950-05-09 merge into Zibo Prefecture Changle 长乐市 1994-02-18 2017-07-18 merge into Fuzhou, Fujian County-level city Chaohu 巢湖市 1999-07-09 2011-07-14 merge into Hefei Prefecture-level city Chaoyang 潮阳市 1993-04-09 2003-01-29 merge into Shantou County-level city Chenghai 澄海市 1994-04-18 2003-01-29 merge into Shantou County-level city Conghua 从化市 1994-03-26 2014-02-12 merge into Guangzhou County-level city Dafeng 大丰市 1996-08-01 2015-07-23 merge into Yancheng County-level city Da Qaidam 大柴旦市 1960-11-17 1964-06-05 merge into Haixi Prefecture Dêwolu 德乌鲁市 1958-12-20 1961-12-15 merge into Gannan Prefecture Dongchuan 东川市 1958-10-20 1998-12-06 merge into Kunming Prefecture-level city Dongjiang 东江市 1961-07-09 1962-10-20 merge into Binzhou Dongsheng 东胜市 1983-10-10 2001-02-26 merge into Ordos County-level city Echeng 鄂城市 1960-11-17 1961-12-15 merge into Huanggang Prefecture Fengfeng 峰峰市 1955-05-06 1956-10-12 merge into Handan Fenghua 奉化市 1988-10-13 2016-09-14 merge into Ningbo County-level city Fengnan 丰南市 1994-04-05 2002-02-01 merge into Tangshan County-level city Fuling 涪陵市 1995-11-05 1997-03-14 merge into Chongqing Prefecture-level city Fuyang 富阳市 1994-01-18 2014-12-13 merge into Hangzhou County-level city Gaocheng 藁城市 1989-07-02 2014-09-09 merge into Shijiazhuang County-level city Gaoming 高明市 1994-04-18 2002-12-08 merge into Foshan County-level city Gaoyao 高要市 1993-09-28 2015-05-07 merge into Zhaoqing County-level city Haibowan 海勃湾市 1961-07-09 1975-08-30 merge into Wuhai Hailar 海拉尔市 1949-10-01 2001-10-10 merge into Hulunbuir County-level city Haimen 海门市 1994-04-26 2020-06-05 merge into Nantong County-level city Hangu 汉沽市 1953-11-06 1958-06-06 merge into Tianjin Hankou 汉口市 1949-10-01 1949-10-01 merge into Wuhan Hanyang 汉阳市 1949-10-01 1949-10-01 merge into Wuhan Hechuan 合川市 1952-04-04 2006-10-22 merge into Chongqing County-level city Hekou 河口市 1950-06-10 1955-01-03 merge into Honghe Prefecture Huadu 花都市 1993-06-18 2000-05-21 merge into Guangzhou County-level city Huangyan 黄岩市 1989-09-27 1994-08-22 merge into Taizhou, Zhejiang County-level city Huangzhou 黄州市 1990-12-26 1995-12-23 merge into Huanggang County-level city Huiyang 惠阳市 1994-05-06 2003-03-06 merge into Huizhou County-level city Jiangdu 江都市 1994-04-26 2011-11-14 merge into Yangzhou County-level city Jiangjin 江津市 1992-08-04 2006-10-22 merge into Chongqing County-level city Jiangyan 姜堰市 1994-07-17 2012-12-20 merge into Taizhou, Jiangsu County-level city Jiaojiang 椒江市 1981-07-21 1994-08-22 merge into Taizhou, Zhejiang County-level city Jianyang 建阳市 1994-03-04 2014-05-15 merge into Nanping County-level city Jiaonan 胶南市 1990-12-18 2012-12-01 merge into Qingdao County-level city Jimo 即墨市 1989-07-27 2017-07-18 merge into Qingdao County-level city Jintan 金坛市 1993-11-10 2015-04-29 merge into Changzhou County-level city Jingpohu 镜泊湖市 1986-07-01 1987-11-27 merge into Mudanjiang Jining 集宁市 1954-06-19 2003-12-01 merge into Ulanqab County-level city Jiutai 九台市 1988-08-30 2014-11-02 merge into Changchun County-level city Jizhou 冀州市 1993-09-22 2016-06-08 merge into Hengshui County-level city Laiwu 莱芜市 1992-11-22 2019-01-09 merge into Jinan Prefecture-level city Lenghu 冷湖市 1960-11-17 1964-06-05 merge into Haixi Prefecture Lengjiang 冷江市 1961-07-09 1962-10-20 merge into Loudi Lengshuitan 冷水滩市 1961-07-09 1962-10-20 merge into Yongzhou Prefecture Lin'an 临安市 1996-10-28 2017-07-18 merge into Hangzhou County-level city Linchuan 临川市 1987-08-22 2000-06-23 merge into Fuzhou, Jiangxi County-level city Linhe 临河市 1984-12-11 2003-12-01 merge into Bayannur County-level city Lishi 离石市 1996-04-02 2003-10-23 merge into Lüliang County-level city Liuzhi 六枝市 1960-05-26 1962-10-20 merge into Anshun Prefecture Lucheng 潞城市 1994-04-26 2018-06-18 merge into Changzhi County-level city Luquan 鹿泉市 1989-07-02 2014-09-09 merge into Shijiazhuang County-level city Lüshun 旅顺市 1949-10-01 1960-01-07 merge into Lüda Malipo 麻栗坡市 1950-06-10 1955-01-03 merge into Wenshan Prefecture Miquan 米泉市 1996-12-30 2007-06-30 merge into Ürümqi County-level city Nanchuan 南川市 1994-06-10 2006-10-22 merge into Chongqing County-level city Nanhai 南海市 1992-09-02 2002-12-08 merge into Foshan County-level city Nankang 南康市 1995-03-07 2013-10-18 merge into Ganzhou County-level city Panyu 番禺市 1992-05-20 2000-05-21 merge into Guangzhou County-level city Penglai 蓬莱市 1991-11-30 2020-06-05 merge into Yantai County-level city Pulandian 普兰店市 1991-11-30 2015-10-13 merge into Dalian County-level city Qingjiang 清江市 1950-12-18 1964-08-18 1958-09-05 1983-01-18 rename as Huaiyin Qiongshan 琼山市 1994-01-24 2002-10-16 merge into Haikou County-level city Runan 汝南市 1950-05-09 1951-04-26 merge into Xinyang Prefecture Sanshui 三水市 1993-03-29 2002-12-08 merge into Foshan County-level city Shangyu 上虞市 1992-08-24 2013-10-18 merge into Shaoxing County-level city Shangzhou 商州市 1988-05-24 2001-08-31 merge into Shangluo County-level city Shanhaiguan 山海关市 1949-10-01 1953-01-02 merge into Qinhuangdao Shashi 沙市市 1979-06-21 1994-09-29 merge into Jingsha Prefecture-level city Shayang 沙洋市 1960-11-17 1961-12-15 merge into Jingzhou Shuangcheng 双城市 1988-09-14 2014-05-15 merge into Harbin County-level city Shidao 石岛市 1949-10-01 1950-05-09 merge into Rongcheng Shiqi 石岐市 1953-03-12 1959-03-20 merge into Zhongshan Shunde 顺德市 1992-03-26 2002-12-08 merge into Foshan County-level city Taishan 泰山市 1958-06-01 1958-11-01 merge into Tai'an Tongguanshan 铜官山市 1956-07-02 1958-09-05 merge into Tongling Tongzhou 通州市 1953-11-06 1958-03-07 merge into Beijing Tongzhou 通州市 1993-01-08 2009-03-31 merge into Nantong County-level city Tunxi 屯溪市 1975-12-19 1987-11-27 merge into Huangshan Wanding 畹町市 1985-01-31 1999-01-02 merge into Dehong Prefecture County-level city Wanxian 万县市 1992-12-11 1997-03-14 merge into Chongqing Prefecture-level city Wuchang 武昌市 1949-10-01 1949-10-01 merge into Wuhan Wendeng 文登市 1988-10-24 2014-03-18 merge into Weihai County-level city Wuda 乌达市 1961-07-09 1975-08-30 merge into Wuhai Wujiang 吴江市 1992-02-17 2010-09-01 merge into Suzhou, Jiangsu County-level city Wujin 武进市 1995-06-08 2002-04-03 merge into Changzhou County-level city Wutongqiao 五通桥市 1952-04-04 1985-02-11 merge into Leshan Wuxian 吴县市 1995-06-08 2000-12-31 merge into Suzhou, Jiangsu County-level city Xiaguan 下关市 1951-03-14 1962-03-27 1960-09-13 1983-09-09 merge into Dali Prefecture Xiaoshan 萧山市 1987-11-27 2001-02-02 merge into Hanzhou County-level city Xifeng 西峰市 1986-01-01 2002-06-22 merge into Qingyang County-level city Xinhui 新会市 1992-10-08 2002-06-22 merge into Jiangmen County-level city Xinwen 新汶市 1960-03-28 1983-08-30 merge into Xintai Xishan 锡山市 1995-06-08 2000-12-21 merge into Wuxi County-level city Xuanhua 宣化市 1952-11-05 1955-08-08 merge into Zhengjiakou Yangkou 杨口市 1949-10-01 1950-05-09 merge into Qinghe Yanzhou 兖州市 1992-08-01 2013-10-18 merge into Jining County-level city Yizhou 宜州市 1993-09-09 2016-11-24 merge into Hechi County-level city Yongchuan 永川市 1992-03-09 2006-10-22 merge into Chongqing County-level city Yuci 榆次市 1954-04-09 1999-09-24 merge into Jinzhong County-level city Yuhang 余杭市 1994-04-05 2001-02-02 merge into Hangzhou County-level city Zengcheng 增城市 1993-12-08 2014-02-12 merge into Guangzhou County-level city Zhangqiu 章丘市 1992-08-01 2016-09-14 merge into Jinan County-level city Zhangzhou 张周市 1950-11-18 1954-12-09 merge into Zibo Zhuji 朱集市 1949-10-01 1951-08-03 merge into Shangqiu Tier system Main article: Chinese city tier system The Chinese central government introduced a ranking system in the 1980s to facilitate the staged rollout of infrastructure and urban development throughout the country. Cities were ranked by tier according to the government's development priorities.[5] The tier system began as a bureaucratic classification, but has since the later 1990s acquired new salience from the perspectives of real estate development, commercial vitality and cosmopolitanness, besides the old notions of population, economic size, and political ranking. It has now become a proxy for demographic and social segmentation in China, especially relevant to those college-educated seeking non-governmental employment.[6][7][8] It is the general consensus that four cities, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, belong to the first tier, while tier II includes other major cities. Small and medium cities are grouped into tier III or IV.[9] Republic of China (1912–1949) Note: All names are transliterated in pinyin. Fu (府) cities City Chinese Province Administration period Nanjing 南京府 Nanjing 1914-1927 Shuntian 順天府 (顺天府) Shuntian 1914-1921 Shi (市) cities Type No. Special/Yuan/Direct-controlled* 16 Province-controlled 70 City Chinese Province Type Administration period Founded (ROC) Guangzhou 廣州市 (广州市) Guangdong Guangzhou Province-controlled (de facto) Ordinary (de jure) Yuan-controlled Direct-controlled 15 Feb. 1921 - Jan. 1930; 20 June 1930 - 7 June 1947 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 Jan. 1930 - 20 June 1930 Jan. 1930 - 20 June 1930; 7 June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1921-02-15 Shantou 汕頭市 (汕头市) Guangdong Province-controlled Mar. 1921 - 1 October 1949 1921-03- Beiping Jingdu Beiping 北平市 京都市 北平市 Hebei Jingdu Beiping Province-controlled (claimed) Special (de jure) Yuan-controlled Direct-controlled Apr 1921 - 20 June 1928; 20 June 1930 - Dec. 1930 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 20 June 1928 - 30 May 1930 30 May 1930 - 20 June 1930; Dec. 1930 - 1 October 1949 1921-04- Chengdu 成都市 Sichuan Province-controlled June 1921 - 1 October 1949 1921-06- Qingdao 青島市 (青岛市) Qingdao Special Yuan-controlled Direct-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 July 1929 - 30 May 1930 30 May 1930 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Harbin 哈爾濱市 (哈尔滨市) Harbin Special Direct-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 5 June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Wuxi 無錫市 (无锡市) Jiangsu Ordinary Province-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 1929 - Apr. 1930 1921-07-03 Hangzhou 杭州市 Zhejiang Ordinary (de jure) Province-controlled (de facto) 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 Apr. 1927 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Ningbo 寧波市 (宁波市) Zhejiang Ordinary (de jure) Province-controlled (de facto) 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 Apr. 1927- Feb. 1931 1921-07-03 Anqing 安慶市 (安庆市) Anhui Ordinary (de jure) Province-controlled (de facto) 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 1927 - Sep. 1930 1921-07-03 Wuchang 武昌市 Hubei Ordinary Province-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 July 1935 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Nanchang 南昌市 Jiangxi Ordinary Province-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 July 1935 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Wuzhou 梧州市 Guangxi Ordinary (de iure) Province-controlled (de facto) 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 Dec. 1927 - June 1932 1921-07-03 Jingu Tianjin 津沽市 天津市 Jingu Hebei Tianjin Special (de jure) Province-controlled (claimed) Yuan-controlled Direct-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 6 Oct. 1923 - 20 June 1928; Dec. 1930 - June 1935 20 June 1928 - 30 May 1930 30 May 1930 - Dec. 1930; June 1935 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Jiangmen 江門市 (江门市) Guangdong Province-controlled Aug. 1925 - Feb. 1931 1925-08- Foshan 佛山市 Guangdong Province-controlled 1925 - 1927 1925-　- Jiujiang 九江市 Guangdong Province-controlled 1925 - 1936 1925-　- Beihai 北海市 Guangdong Province-controlled 1925 - May 1930 1925-　- Hankou Wuhan Hankou 漢口市 (汉口市) 武漢市 (武汉市) 漢口市 (汉口市) Hankou Hubei Wuhan Hankou Special (de jure) Province-controlled (de facto) Yuan-controlled Direct-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 Oct. 1926-10 - Apr. 1927; Jan. 1929 - Apr. 1929; July 1931 - 7 June 1947 Apr. 1927 - Jan. 1929 Apr. 1929 - 30 May 1930 30 May 1930 - July 1931; 7 June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Haikou 海口市 Guangdong Province-controlled Dec. 1926 - Feb. 1931; Apr. 1949 - 1 October 1949 1926-12- Chencun 陳村市 (陈村市) Guangdong Province-controlled 1926 (failed) (failed) Meilu 梅菉市 Guangdong Province-controlled 1926 - 1932 1926-　- Wuhu 蕪湖市 (芜湖市) Anhui Province-controlled 1927 - Mar. 1930 1927-　- Songhu Shanghai 淞滬市 (淞沪市) 上海市 Songhu Shanghai Special (de jure) Yuan-controlled (de facto) Direct-controlled 3 July 1921 - 29 December 1928 Mar. 1927 - 30 May 1930 30 May 1930 - 1 October 1949 1921-07-03 Jiujiang 九江市 Jiangxi Province-controlled Mar. 1927 - Sep. 1930 1927-03- Zigong 自貢市 (自贡市) Sichuan Province-controlled Mar. 1927 - 1 October 1949 1927-03- Chongqing 重慶市 (重庆市)  - 5 May 1939 5 May 1939 - 1 October 1949 1927-03- Nanjing 南京市 Nanjing Yuan-controlled Direct- Shilong 石龍市 (石龙市) Guangdong Province-controlled Aug. 1927 (failed) (failed) Zhengzhou 鄭州市 (郑州市)　- Xijing / Xi'an 西京市 西安市 Shaanxi Xijing Xi'an- 7 June 1947 1933 (failed) 7 June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1928-　- Changsha 長沙市 (长沙市) 1928 - 1 October 1949 1928-01- Liuzhou 柳州市 Guangxi Province-controlled Apr. 1928- Oct. 1928 1928-04- Nanning 南寧市 (南宁市) Guangxi Province-controlled Apr. 1928 - Oct. 1932 1928-04- Kunming 昆明市   Wanxian 萬縣市 (万县市) Sichuan Province-controlled Nov. 1928 - 1935 1928-11- Suzhou 蘇州市 (苏州市) Jiangsu Province-controlled Nov. 1928 - Apr. 1930 1928-11- Kaifeng 開封市 (开封市) Henan Province-controlled 1929 - 1930 1929-　- Guilin 桂林市 Guangxi Province-controlled Nov. 1932 (failed); June 1940 - 1944; 1945 - 1 October 1949 1940-　- Baotou 包頭市 (包头市) Suiyuan Province-controlled Apr. 1933 - 1 October 1949 1933-04- Fuzhou 福州市 Fujian Province-controlled May 1933 - July 1934; Jan. 1946 - 1 October 1949 1933-05- Lianyun 連雲市 (连云市) Jiangsu - Xiamen 廈門市 (厦门市) 蘭州市 (兰州市) Gansu - 1 October 1949 1941-05- Hengyang 衡陽市 (衡阳市) Hunan Province-controlled July 1941 - 1 October 1949 1941-07- Guiyang 貴陽市 (贵阳市) Guizhou - 1 October 1949 1941-07- Taiyuan 太原市 Shanxi Province-controlled Nov. 1941 - 1 October 1949 1941-11- Shanba 陝壩市 (陕坝市)  Shaoguan 韶關市 (韶关市) Guangdong Province-controlled Oct. 1943 - 1944 1943-10- Yinchuan 銀川市 (银川市) Ningxia Province-controlled Jan. 1944 - 1 October 1949 1944-01- Weihaiwei 威海衛市 (威海卫市)  1 October 1949 1945-　- Dihua 迪化市  Zhanjiang 湛江市 Guangdong  徐州市 Jiangsu Province-controlled Oct. 1945 - 1 October 1949 1945-10- Xining 西宁市 Qinghai - 1 October 1949 1945-11- Keelung 基隆市  - … 新竹市 Taiwan Province-controlled 25 Oct. 1945 - … (List of cities in Taiwan) 1945-10-25 Taichung 臺中市 (台中市) Taiwan Province-controlled 25 Oct. 1945 - … (List of cities in Taiwan) 1945-10-25 Chiayi City 嘉義市 Taiwan Province-controlled 25 Oct. 1945 - Tainan 臺南市 (台南市) Taiwan Province-controlled 25 Oct. 1945 - … (List of cities in Taiwan) 1945-10-25 Changhua City 彰化市 T Oct. 1945 - … (List of cities in Taiwan) 1945-10-25 Pingtung City 屏東市 Taiwan Province-… Taipei 臺北市 (台北市)(List of cities in Taiwan) 1945-10-25 Kaohsiung 高雄市 Taiwan Province-Tangshan 唐山市 Hebei Province-controlled Apr. 1946 - 1 October 1949 1946-04- Shimen 石門市 (石门市) 04- Jinan 濟南市 (济南市) Shandong Province-controlled Sep. 1946 - 1  Yantai 煙臺市 (烟台市) Shandong Province-controlled 1947 - 　- Bengbu 蚌埠市 Anhui Province-controlled Apr. 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-04- Zhangyuan 張垣市 (张垣市) Qahar Province-controlled June 營口市 (营口市) October 1949 1947-06- Lüshun 旅順市 (旅顺市)通化市 g 安東市 (安东市) Andong Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-06- Siping 四平市 Liaobei Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 October 1949 - Jilin 吉林市  Changchun 長春市 (长春市) Jilin Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 - Mudanjiang 牡丹江市 Songjiang Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-06- Yanji 延吉市  1947-06- Jiamusi 佳木斯市 Hejiang Province-- Bei'an 北安市 Heilongjiang Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-06- Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾市 (齐齐哈尔市) Nenjiang Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-06- Hailar 海拉爾市 (海拉尔市) Xing'an Province-controlled June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-06- Dalian 大連市 (大连市) Dalian Direct-controlled 5 June 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-06-05 Shenyang 瀋陽市 (沈阳市)  October 1949 1947-06-05 Jinzhou 錦州市 (锦州市) Liaoning Province-controlled July 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-07- Guisui 歸綏市 (归绥市) Suiyuan Province-controlled Nov. 1947 - 1 October 1949 1947-11-